Isang araw ay humahangos na umuwi ang magkapatid na palaka.
"Itay, itay, nakakita po kami ni kuya ng higanteng bakulaw sa palayan.
May matutulis na sungay at mahabang buntot. At ang itim ng kulay,
nakakatakot! po!" sigaw ng batang palaka.
"Ha ha ha! Kalabaw ang nakita ninyo at hindi higanteng bakulaw,"
natatawang sagot ng amang palaka.
"Eh, bakit po ang laki-laki niya?" tanong ng batang palaka.
"Wala yun! Tingnan nyo ako, kaya ko rin palakihin ang katawan ko, "
pagmamayabang ng amang palaka. Huminga siya ng malalim at
pinalaki ang kanyang tiyan.
"Mas malaki pa po siya sa inyo," anang batang palaka.
"Ganun?" Suminghot pa ng malalim ang amang palaka at lalung
pinalaki ang kanyang tiyan. "Ganito ba kalaki?" tanong niya.
"Mas malaki pa rin diyan!" sagot ng batang palaka.
Ibinuhos ng amang palaka ang kanyang lakas at suminghot ng
suminghot ng napakalalim hanggang sa naging napakalaki na ng
kanyang tiyan. Maya-maya pa ay bigla silang nakaring ng malakas
na "Pop!". Yun pala ay sumabog ang tiyan na siyang ikinamatay ng
ng amang palaka.
Monday, August 24, 2009
Ang Aso at Ang Pusa
Isang araw, ang Aso ay nakahuli ng isang ibon. Samantalang pinagpapasasaan niya iyon, isang munting buto ang nahalang sa kanyang lalamunan. Hindi niya maalis ang bikig na napakasakit. Sa matinding paghihirap ay napahalinghing nang ubod-lakas.
Tumakbo siya kung saan-saan upang humanap ng makapag-aalis ng kanyang bikig. Parang nagmamakaawang ipinangangako niya sa kaninumang mahilingan ng tulong na ibibigay niya ang anumang mayroon siya sa makaaalis ng kaniyang bikig at tinik sa kanyang lalamunan.
Tumihaya na ang Aso at ibinuka ang kaniyang bunganga. Ipinasok naman ng Pusa ang kaniyang ulo hanggang sa liig ng aso upang alisin ang bikig.
Pagkabunot ng bikig, ang Pusa ay nagsalita.
“Ibigay mo na ang aking gantimpala.”
Umangil ang Aso. Inilabas niya ang matatalim na pangil. “Magpasalamat ka, at naipasok mo ang iyong ulo sa aking bunganga at nailabas mo pa rin nang hindi ka napahamak”, wika ng Aso na wari pang nanunumbat.
Tumakbo siya kung saan-saan upang humanap ng makapag-aalis ng kanyang bikig. Parang nagmamakaawang ipinangangako niya sa kaninumang mahilingan ng tulong na ibibigay niya ang anumang mayroon siya sa makaaalis ng kaniyang bikig at tinik sa kanyang lalamunan.
Tumihaya na ang Aso at ibinuka ang kaniyang bunganga. Ipinasok naman ng Pusa ang kaniyang ulo hanggang sa liig ng aso upang alisin ang bikig.
Pagkabunot ng bikig, ang Pusa ay nagsalita.
“Ibigay mo na ang aking gantimpala.”
Umangil ang Aso. Inilabas niya ang matatalim na pangil. “Magpasalamat ka, at naipasok mo ang iyong ulo sa aking bunganga at nailabas mo pa rin nang hindi ka napahamak”, wika ng Aso na wari pang nanunumbat.
Ang Palaka at ang Uwang
Matahimik at masayang namumuhay sina Palaka, Gagamba at Susuhong sa lugar na iyon nang biglang dumating si Uwang. Hindi lamang matakaw ito sa pagkain ng dahon at maingay ang ugong, ito rin ay sadyang mapanudyo. Kapag pinagbawalan o pinagpagunitaan, ito’y nagbabanta pang manakit o maminsala.
Isang araw, tahimik na nanginginain si Susuhong sa tabi ng sapa nang bigla na lamang siyang suwagin ni Uwang. Nahulog siya sa agos at tinangay siya sa dakong malalim. Mabuti na lamang at nakapangunyapit siya sa isang yagit, kaya nakaahon siya sa pampang.
Minsan naman. Gumawa si Gagamba ng isang napakagandang sapot. Ipinagmalaki niya iyon kna Palaka at Susuhong. Natuwa rin ang dalawa at pinuri si Gagamba. Subalit kinabukasan, nang naghahanap ng makakain si Gagamba, hindi niya alam na winasak na ni Uwang ang kanyang sapot. Gayon na lamang ang kanyang panlulumo habang si Uwang naman ay patudyong nagtatawa.
Si Palaka naman ay sinuwag ni Uwang ng mga sungay nito, isang araw na nagpapahinga siya sa may batuhan. Namaga ang kanyang nguso ng ilang araw. Kaya ang magkakaibigan ay nagpasya isang araw. Hahamunin nila sa isang paligsahan si Uwang. Ang ilalaban nila ay si Palaka.
”Payag ako,” sabi ni Uwang nang mabatid ang paligsahan. “Kung kayo ay magwagi, lalayasan ko na ang lugar nai to. Kung ako naman ang magwagi, kayo’y magiging sunud-sunuran sa akin.”
Nagpalutang sila sa isang malapad na dahon sa gitna ng sapa. Mag-uunahan sina Palaka at Uwang sa pagsakay doon.
“Tiyak na ako ang magwawagi,” pagmamalaki ni Uwang dahil alam niyang mabilis niyang maikakampay ang kanyang pakpak.
Sinimulan ang paligsahan. Pumaimbulog pa si Uwang habang si Palaka naman ay mabilis nang glumangoy patungo sa dahon. Mula sa itaas, sumisid si Uwang, patungo sa dahon na inaanod sa gitna ng sapa.
Ngunit nagkasabay sila sa pag-abot sa dahon. Kasabay ng pagsakay dito ni Palaka, dumapo naman si Uwang. Sa bigat nilang dalawa, lumubog ang dahon at kapwa nahulog sila sa tubig. Ang nabiglang si Uwang ay natangay ng agos.
“Tulungan mo ako, Palaka. Hindi ako marunong lumangoy,” pakiusap ni Uwang.
Hindi siya pinansin ni Palaka. Umahon ito sa pampang at sinalubong ng mga kaibigang sina Gagamba at Susuhong.
“Mabuti nga sa kanya,” sabi ni Palaka nang hindi na matanaw si Uwang.
Mula noon, nagbalik na ang katahimikan at kasayahan ng pamumuhay ng tatlo sa pook na iyon.
Isang araw, tahimik na nanginginain si Susuhong sa tabi ng sapa nang bigla na lamang siyang suwagin ni Uwang. Nahulog siya sa agos at tinangay siya sa dakong malalim. Mabuti na lamang at nakapangunyapit siya sa isang yagit, kaya nakaahon siya sa pampang.
Minsan naman. Gumawa si Gagamba ng isang napakagandang sapot. Ipinagmalaki niya iyon kna Palaka at Susuhong. Natuwa rin ang dalawa at pinuri si Gagamba. Subalit kinabukasan, nang naghahanap ng makakain si Gagamba, hindi niya alam na winasak na ni Uwang ang kanyang sapot. Gayon na lamang ang kanyang panlulumo habang si Uwang naman ay patudyong nagtatawa.
Si Palaka naman ay sinuwag ni Uwang ng mga sungay nito, isang araw na nagpapahinga siya sa may batuhan. Namaga ang kanyang nguso ng ilang araw. Kaya ang magkakaibigan ay nagpasya isang araw. Hahamunin nila sa isang paligsahan si Uwang. Ang ilalaban nila ay si Palaka.
”Payag ako,” sabi ni Uwang nang mabatid ang paligsahan. “Kung kayo ay magwagi, lalayasan ko na ang lugar nai to. Kung ako naman ang magwagi, kayo’y magiging sunud-sunuran sa akin.”
Nagpalutang sila sa isang malapad na dahon sa gitna ng sapa. Mag-uunahan sina Palaka at Uwang sa pagsakay doon.
“Tiyak na ako ang magwawagi,” pagmamalaki ni Uwang dahil alam niyang mabilis niyang maikakampay ang kanyang pakpak.
Sinimulan ang paligsahan. Pumaimbulog pa si Uwang habang si Palaka naman ay mabilis nang glumangoy patungo sa dahon. Mula sa itaas, sumisid si Uwang, patungo sa dahon na inaanod sa gitna ng sapa.
Ngunit nagkasabay sila sa pag-abot sa dahon. Kasabay ng pagsakay dito ni Palaka, dumapo naman si Uwang. Sa bigat nilang dalawa, lumubog ang dahon at kapwa nahulog sila sa tubig. Ang nabiglang si Uwang ay natangay ng agos.
“Tulungan mo ako, Palaka. Hindi ako marunong lumangoy,” pakiusap ni Uwang.
Hindi siya pinansin ni Palaka. Umahon ito sa pampang at sinalubong ng mga kaibigang sina Gagamba at Susuhong.
“Mabuti nga sa kanya,” sabi ni Palaka nang hindi na matanaw si Uwang.
Mula noon, nagbalik na ang katahimikan at kasayahan ng pamumuhay ng tatlo sa pook na iyon.
Thursday, August 13, 2009
Historical Places of the Philippines
The Philippines is rich in its history and culture and is home to some of the best preserved monuments and buildings from several centuries back. Major historical places of the Philippines, beautifully exhibits the country's rich heritage and takes you back in time. Various ancient shrines, monuments, cathedrals and museums document the history and traditions of the nation. Some of the historical places of the Philippines are-
The Luneta Park
Located in the capital city, Manila, the Luneta Park was built as a tribute to the greatest hero of the Philippines, Dr. Jose Rizal. Earlier known as Bagumbayan Field, the Luneta Park is one of the leading historical places of the Philippines. This was the historical site where Dr. Rizal was executed by a Spanish military firing squad on 30 December, 1896 because he had spread the ideals of revolution against Spanish rule.
Corregidor
Located in Bataan, Corregidor is one of the major historical places of the Philippines. This is a national shrine and an island fortress which was nicknamed "The Rock". This historical site was the last bastion to succumb to the Japanese invasion in the year 1942. Corregidor attained huge significance as a symbol of the unwavering resistance of the Filipino and American defenders.
Pastor House
Situated on Tirona St in Batangas City, the Pastor House is one of the historical places of the Philippines, which is an illustration of the turn-of- the-century style residence. The Pastor House was originally under the ownership of Mr. Alejo Acosta, who was the barrio Captain of Batangas in the year 1883. It is said that during the visit of the Governor General, William Howard Taft to the house, an attempt was made by a sniper to assassinate him. Evidence of the bullet that would have taken his life is lodged in one of the doors of the house till this date.
Taal Cathedral de San Sebastian
The construction of this historical site of the Philippines had commenced in the year 1756 and took a century to achieve its present form. Rising to an altitude of 95 meters and 45 meters wide, the Taal Cathedral de San Sebastian stands on a plateau in the center of Taal. The cathedral's tabernacle is the only one of its kind in the country. The Taal Cathedral de San Sebastian is one of the leading historical places of the Philippines.
The other noted historical sites are Sixto Lopez Ancestral House, Museo ng Batangas at Aklatang Panlalawigan, The Rizal Monument, Ilagan Ancestral House, General Malvar Museum and Library, Jose P. Laurel Memorial Library and Mabini Shrine (National Shrine) among many others.
- * The Luneta Park * Corregidor * Pastor House * Taal Cathedral de San Sebastian
The Luneta Park
Located in the capital city, Manila, the Luneta Park was built as a tribute to the greatest hero of the Philippines, Dr. Jose Rizal. Earlier known as Bagumbayan Field, the Luneta Park is one of the leading historical places of the Philippines. This was the historical site where Dr. Rizal was executed by a Spanish military firing squad on 30 December, 1896 because he had spread the ideals of revolution against Spanish rule.
Corregidor
Located in Bataan, Corregidor is one of the major historical places of the Philippines. This is a national shrine and an island fortress which was nicknamed "The Rock". This historical site was the last bastion to succumb to the Japanese invasion in the year 1942. Corregidor attained huge significance as a symbol of the unwavering resistance of the Filipino and American defenders.
Pastor House
Situated on Tirona St in Batangas City, the Pastor House is one of the historical places of the Philippines, which is an illustration of the turn-of- the-century style residence. The Pastor House was originally under the ownership of Mr. Alejo Acosta, who was the barrio Captain of Batangas in the year 1883. It is said that during the visit of the Governor General, William Howard Taft to the house, an attempt was made by a sniper to assassinate him. Evidence of the bullet that would have taken his life is lodged in one of the doors of the house till this date.
Taal Cathedral de San Sebastian
The construction of this historical site of the Philippines had commenced in the year 1756 and took a century to achieve its present form. Rising to an altitude of 95 meters and 45 meters wide, the Taal Cathedral de San Sebastian stands on a plateau in the center of Taal. The cathedral's tabernacle is the only one of its kind in the country. The Taal Cathedral de San Sebastian is one of the leading historical places of the Philippines.
The other noted historical sites are Sixto Lopez Ancestral House, Museo ng Batangas at Aklatang Panlalawigan, The Rizal Monument, Ilagan Ancestral House, General Malvar Museum and Library, Jose P. Laurel Memorial Library and Mabini Shrine (National Shrine) among many others.
Lupang Hinirang (The Philippine National Anthem)
Ang Lupang Hinirang ay ang pambansang awit ng Pilipinas
* Ito ay inuo ni Julian Felipe ang himig nuong 1898 at ang mga titik ng awit naman ay inangkop mula sa tulang Filipinas na isinulat ni Jose Palma sa wikang Kastila nuong 1899.
* Nagsimula ito bilang isang martsang pang-instrumental na ipinag-atas ni Emilio Aguinaldo na gamitin sa pagpapahayag ng kalayaan ng Pilipinas mula sa Espanya.
* Marcha Filipina Magdalo ang unang pangalan nito ngunit binago at naging Marcha Nacional Filipina matapos hirangin ito bilang pambansang awit ng Unang Republika ng Pilipinas.
* Una itong tinugtog ng bandang San Francisco De Malabon sa araw ng pagpapahayag ng kalayaan noong Hunyo 12, 1898. Ang mga titik ng awit ay idinagdag na lamang matapos isulat ni Jose Palma ang tulang Filipinas nuong Agosto 1899.
* Naisipan ng pamahalaang kolonyal ng Estados Unidos noong dekada 1920 na isalin ang pambansang awit sa Ingles mula sa Kastila matapos na mapawalang bisa ang Flag Law.
* Ang pinaka-tanyag na pagsasalin ay ang "Philippine Hymn" na ginawa nina Senador Camilo Osias at isang Amerikano na si Mary A. Lane.
* Ito ang ginawang opisyal na pagsasalin ng Kapulungan ng Pilipinas noong 1938.
* Ang mga pagsasalin ng pambansang awit sa Tagalog ay ginawa noong dekada 1940.
* Ang pinaka-tanyag sa mga salin na ito ay ang O Sintang Lupa na sinulat ni Julian Cruz Balmaceda, Ildefonso Santos at Francisco Caballo.
* Ito ang naging pambansang awit noong 1948.
* Nagbuo naman ng komisyon ang Kalihim ng Edukasyon na si Gregorio Hernandez upang baguhin ang mga salitang Tagalog ng pambansang awit noong panunungkulan ni Pangulong Ramon Magsaysay.
* Naging bunga nito ang pambansang awit na Lupang Hinirang na unang inawit nuong Mayo 26, 1956.
* May mga kaunti pang mga pagbabago ang idinagdag nuong 1962 na ginagamit hanggang sa kasalukuyan.
Lupang Hinirang
Bayang magiliw
Perlas ng silanganan
Alab ng puso sa dibdib mo’y buhay
Lupang Hinirang, duyan ka ng magiting
Sa manlulupig, di ka pasisiil
Sa dagat at bundok na simoy
At sa langit mong bughaw
May dilag ng watawat mo’y
Tagumpay na nagnininging
Ang bituin at araw niyan
Kailan pa ma’y di magdidilim
Lupa ng araw ng luwalhati’t pagsinta
Buhay ay langit sa piling mo
Aming ligaya nang pag may mang-aapi
Ang mamatay ng dahil sa iyo
Dr. Jose Rizal and His Family
The Rizals is considered one of the biggest families during their time. Domingo Lam-co, the family’s paternal ascendant was a full-blooded Chinese who came to the Philippines from Amoy, China in the closing years of the 17th century and married a Chinese half-breed by the name of Ines de la Rosa.
Mercado-Rizal family had also traces of Japanese, Spanish, Malay and Even Negrito blood aside from Chinese.
Jose Rizal came from a 13-member family consisting of his parents, Francisco Mercado II and Teodora Alonso Realonda, and nine sisters and one brother.
Francisco Mercado (1818-1898)
Father of Jose Rizal who was the youngest of 13 offsprings of Juan and Cirila Mercado. Born in Biñan, Laguna on April 18, 1818; studied in San Jose College, Manila; and died in Manila.
Teodora Alonso (1827-1913)
Mother of Jose Rizal who was the second child of Lorenzo Alonso and Brijida de Quintos. She studied at the Colegio de Santa Rosa. She was a business-minded woman, courteous, religious, hard-working and well-read. She was born in Santa Cruz, Manila on November 14, 1827 and died in 1913 in Manila.
Saturnina Rizal (1850-1913)
Eldest child of the Rizal-Alonzo marriage. Married Manuel Timoteo Hidalgo of Tanauan, Batangas.
Paciano Rizal (1851-1930)
Only brother of Jose Rizal and the second child. Studied at San Jose College in Manila; became a farmer and later a general of the Philippine Revolution.
Narcisa Rizal (1852-1939)
The third child. married Antonio Lopez at Morong, Rizal; a teacher and musician.
Olympia Rizal (1855-1887)
The fourth child. Married Silvestre Ubaldo; died in 1887 from childbirth.
Lucia Rizal (1857-1919)
The fifth child. Married Matriano Herbosa.
Maria Rizal (1859-1945)
The sixth child. Married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan, Laguna.
Jose Rizal (1861-1896)
The second son and the seventh child. He was executed by the Spaniards on December 30,1896.
Josefa Rizal (1865-1945)
The ninth child. An epileptic, died a spinster.
Soledad Rizal (1870-1929)
The youngest child married Pantaleon Quintero.
Mercado-Rizal family had also traces of Japanese, Spanish, Malay and Even Negrito blood aside from Chinese.
Jose Rizal came from a 13-member family consisting of his parents, Francisco Mercado II and Teodora Alonso Realonda, and nine sisters and one brother.
Francisco Mercado (1818-1898)
Father of Jose Rizal who was the youngest of 13 offsprings of Juan and Cirila Mercado. Born in Biñan, Laguna on April 18, 1818; studied in San Jose College, Manila; and died in Manila.
Teodora Alonso (1827-1913)
Mother of Jose Rizal who was the second child of Lorenzo Alonso and Brijida de Quintos. She studied at the Colegio de Santa Rosa. She was a business-minded woman, courteous, religious, hard-working and well-read. She was born in Santa Cruz, Manila on November 14, 1827 and died in 1913 in Manila.
Saturnina Rizal (1850-1913)
Eldest child of the Rizal-Alonzo marriage. Married Manuel Timoteo Hidalgo of Tanauan, Batangas.
Paciano Rizal (1851-1930)
Only brother of Jose Rizal and the second child. Studied at San Jose College in Manila; became a farmer and later a general of the Philippine Revolution.
Narcisa Rizal (1852-1939)
The third child. married Antonio Lopez at Morong, Rizal; a teacher and musician.
Olympia Rizal (1855-1887)
The fourth child. Married Silvestre Ubaldo; died in 1887 from childbirth.
Lucia Rizal (1857-1919)
The fifth child. Married Matriano Herbosa.
Maria Rizal (1859-1945)
The sixth child. Married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan, Laguna.
Jose Rizal (1861-1896)
The second son and the seventh child. He was executed by the Spaniards on December 30,1896.
Conception Rizal (1862-1865)
The eight child. Died at the age of three.
Josefa Rizal (1865-1945)
The ninth child. An epileptic, died a spinster.
Soledad Rizal (1870-1929)
The youngest child married Pantaleon Quintero.
Dr. Jose P. Rizal – Philippine National Hero
June 19, 1861 to December 30, 1896
Jose Protacio Rizal, our national hero, was born in Calamba, Laguna on June 19, 1861 to Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonzo.
With his mother as his first teacher, he began his early education at home and continued it in Biñan, Laguna. He finished Batchiller en Artes at the Ateneo de Manila on March 23, 1877. He studied medicine at the University of Sto. Tomas and finished it at the Unibersidad Central de Madrid along with philosophy and letters.
Rizal’s two books, the Noli Me Tangere and the El Filibusterismo made him a marked men for the Spanish friars. These books exposed the cruelty of the Spanish friars in the Philippines, the defects of the Spanish administration, and the vice of the clergy.
On June 26, 1892, Rizal organized the La Liga Filipina aimed to unite the Filipinos and to promote progress through commerce, industry and agriculture.
On July 6, 1892, he was imprisoned at the Fort Santiago; on July 14, he was exiled in Dapitan where he stayed for four years treating the sick, and guiding the people in opening up a school and making the place safe and beautiful.
Rizal was on his way to Cuba to serve as volunteer surgeon when he was arrested and sent back to the Philippines. Again, he was imprisoned at Fort Santiago.
On December 26, 1896, after a mock trial, Rizal was sentenced to die, allegedly for spreading ideals of revolution. He was shot at Bagumbayan (Luneta), in Manila on December 30, 1896.
Si Jose Protacio Rizal, ang ating pambansang bayani ay isinilang sa Calamba, Laguna noong Hunyo 19, 1861, kina Francisco Mercado at Teodora Alonzo.
Ang kanyang ina ang una niyang guro. Sa bahay ang una niyang edukasyon at ipinagpatuloy niya sa Biñan, Laguna. Siya ay nagtapos ng Batchiller en Artes sa Ateneo de Manila noong Marso 23, 1877. Nag-aaral siya ng medisina sa Unibersidad ng Sto. Tomas at tinapos niya ito sa Unibersidad Central de Madrid at ditto din siya nag-aral ng Pilosopiya at Letras.
Ang dalawang libro ni Rizal na Noli Me Tangere at El Filibusterismo ang dahilan kung bakit siya ay pinag-iinitan ng mga prayle. Ang mga librong ito ang naglantad ng mga kalupitan ng mga prayleng espanyol na nasa Pilipinas, mga depekto ng pamamahala ng mga Espanyol at mga bisyo ng mga pari.
Noong Hunyo 26, 1892 binuo ni Rizal ang La Liga Filipina para sa pagkakaisa ng mga Pilipino at para iangat ang kaunlaran sa pamamagitan ng komersiyo, industriya at agrikultura.
Noong Hulyo 6, 1892, siya ay ibinilanggo sa Fort Santiago at noong Hulyo 14, siya ay ipinatapon sa Dapitan kung saan siya ay tumira ng apat na taon, naggamot siya ng may mga sakit at tinulungan niya sila sa pagtatayo ng eskuwelahan at ang paggawang ligtas at maganda ang kapaligiran.
Noong siya ay nagboluntaryo na magserbisyo bilang surgeon sa Cuba siya ay hinuli ng mga kastila at pinabalik sa Pilipinas. Muli, siya ay ikinulong sa Fort Santiago.
Noong Desyembre 26, 1896, pagkatapos ng paglilitis, si Rizal ay nasentensyahan ng kamatayan dahil sa pagkakalat at pag-uudyok sa mga Pilipino para mag-aklas. Binaril siya sa Bagumbayan na ngayon ay tinawag na Luneta sa Manila noong Disyembre 30, 1896.
Apolinario Mabini
July 23, 1864 to May 13, 1903
Born in Tanauan, Batangas on July 23, 1864 of poor parents, and later hampered for life by paralysis. Apolinario Mabini nevertheless grew up to be a good writer, lawyer and patriot. He is known as the Sublime Paralytic and Brains of the Revolution. He was the second of the eight children of Inocencio Mabini and Dionisia Maranan.
Inspite of poverty, Mabini obtained a teaching certificate in March 1887 and finished law in 1894, He was admitted to the bar in 1895.
His misfortune came in 1896 when he contracted fever which permanently paralyzed him. Still, he did notarial work in his invalid’s chair and supported the reform movement as a result, he was imprisoned until June 1897.
Mabini served as General Emilio Aguinaldo’s adviser. He advice Aguinaldo to change the dictatorial form of government to revolutionary. He organized the municipalities and provinces, and the judiciary and police forces, and formulated army regulations. When the Revolutionary Congress convened at Barasoain, Malolos, Bulacan, he was Aguinaldo’s prime minister. He help outlined the Malolos Constitution. Hence, he was aptly called the “Brains of the Revolution.” He continued writing articles advocating the reforms while in hiding, but he was captured by the Americans on September 10, 1899. after his release on September 23, 1900, he lived in Nagtahan, Manila where he wrote for local newspapers. On January 5, 1901 he was exiled to Guam because of his articles, notably “El Semil de Alejandro” and “El Liberal.”
Believing that he had no other choice and that he could better serve his countrymen by returning to the Philippines, Mabini took his oath of allegiance to the United States on February 26, 1903. He died in Nagtahan, Manila on May 13, at the age of 39.
Si Apolinario Mabini ay ipinanganak sa Talaga, Tanauan, Batangas noong Hulyo 23, 1864 sa mahirap na magulang pero siya ay lumaking magaling na manunulat, abogado at makabayan. Siya ay kinilala bilang kinikilalang Paralitiko at Utak ng Rebolusyon. Siya ay pangalawa saw along magkakapatid ng mag-asawang Inocencio Mabini at Dionisia Maranan. Sa kabila ng kahirapan, si Mabini ay nabigyan ng katunayan sa pagtuturo noong Marso 1887 at nagtapos ng abogasya noong 1884 at pumasa sa bar noong 1885.
Noong 1896 siya ay dinapuan ng lagnat na siyang kanyang tuluyang pagkaparalisa. Sa kanyang pagka-imbalido siya ay nagnotaryo na lamang at sumuporta sa mga kilos reporma na siyang kanyang pagkabilanggo hanggang Hunyo 1897.
Siya ay nagsilbi bilang tagapayo ni Heneral Emilio Aguinaldo. Isinangguni niya na palitan ang diktatoryang gobyerno sa gobyernong rebolusyonaryo. Inorganisa niya ang mga bayan at probinsya gayon din sa hukuman at pulisya at ang hukbong sandatahan. Siya ang kasalukuyan primero ministro ni Aguinaldo noong magtipon ang kongresong Rebolusyonaryo sa Barasoain, Malolos, Bulacan. Tumulong siya sa pagbalangkas sa Konstitusyon ng Malolos. Dahil dito, kinilala siya bilang “Utak ng Rebolusyon.” Ipinagpatuloy niya ang pagsusulat ng mga artikulo para itaguyod ang mga reporma habang siya ay nagtatago, pero siya ay naaresto ng mga Amerikano noong Setyembre 10, 1899. Pagkatapos siyang pakawalan noong Setyembre 23, 1900, siya ay tumira sa Nagtahan, Maynila at nagsulat para sa mga local ng dyaryo. Noong Enero 5, 1901 siya ay ipinatapon sa Guam dahil sa kanyang mga artikulo na pinamagatang “El Semil de Alejandro” at “El Liberal.”
Dahil sa wala siyang pagpipilian kung saan pwede siyang tumulong sa kanyang mga kababayan, siya ay bumalik sa Pilipinas sa bias ng panunumpa sa katapatan niya sa Estados Unidos noong Pebrero 26, 1903. Siya ay namatay sa Nagtahan, Maynila noong Mayo 13, sa edad na 39.
Emilio Jacinto
December 15, 1875 to April 16, 1899
Emilio was born in Trozo, Manila on December 15, 1875. When his father, Mariano Jacinto died, his mother Josefa Dizon, a midwife, had to work harder to support his studies. Later, he was forced to live with his uncle, Don Jose Dizon, who enrolled him at the San Juan de Letran College. Then he transferred to the University of Santo Tomas to take up Law. His studies however, were interrupted when he joined the katipunan at the start of the Philippine Revolution in 1896. His sad experiences with his Spanish classmates, his sensitivity to the flight of his people, and his readings about the Spanish injustices led him to do so against the wishes of his mother and his uncle. He was only 19 years old, but became one of the ablest leaders of the Katipunan. To Bonifacio, he was an adviser, a secretary, and a fiscal. He edited the Ang Kalayaan, the newspaper of the Katipunan which informed the people of the aims and activities of the association. He wrote the Kartilla, the primer of the Katipunan which contained its rules and regulations. He supervised the manufacture of gunpowder. Thus, he was called the “Brain of the Katipunan.”
Jacinto was also a poet. His greatest poem was “A La Patria,” inspired by Rizal’s “Ultimo Adios.” It was signed “Dimas-Ilaw,” Jacinto’s pen name.
In one of the battles in Majayjay, Laguna, Emilio Jacinto was wounded critically; he died on April 16, 1899 at the age of 24.
Si Emilio Jacinto ay ipinanganak sa Trozo, Tondo, Maynila noong Disyembre 15, 1875 kina Mariano Jacinto at Josefa Dizon isang midwife. Noong namatay ang kanyang ama siya ay napilitang makitira sa kanyang tiyuhin na si Don Jose Dizon. Ipinasok siya sa Collegio de San Juan de Letran, pagkaraa’y lumipat sa Unibersidad ng Santo Tomas para kumuha ng kursong abogasya. Nahinto ang kanyang pag-aaral dahil sa pagputok ng Rebolusyon ng Pilipinas noong 1896. Ang mga nakakalungkot niyang karanasan sa mga kaeskwelang Espanyol, ang malupit at masamang pagtrato ng mga kastila sa mga Pilipino at ang nababasa niyang mga artikulo tungkol sa pagmamalabis ng mga dayuhan ang mga nagtulak sa kanya para sumanib sa Katipunan kahit labag sa kalooban ng kanyang Ina at tiyuhin. Sa kanyang murang edad na 19, siya ay nagging isa sa mga magaling na lider ng Katipunan. Naging tagapayo, sekretaryo at piskal siya ni Andres Bonifacio. Siya ang editor ng Ang Kalayaan, ang dyaryo ng mga Katipunan na nagbibigay impormasyon tungkol sa mga adhikain at aktibidad ng organisasyon. Siya rin ang nagsulat ng Kartilla, kung saan nakasaad ang mga reglamento ng Katipunan kaya siya ay tinawag na “Utak ng Katipunan.”
Si Jacinto ay isa ring makata. Sinulat niya ang tulang ”A La Patria” na may prima na “Dimas-Ilaw”, ang gamit niyang pangalan sa pagsusulat.
Sa isa sa mga laban sa Majayjay, Laguna, si Emilio Jacinto ay lubhang nasugatan at namatay noong Abril 16, 1899 sa edad na 24.
Melchora Aquino
January 6, 1812 to March 2, 1919
One of our famous heroines in Philippine history was born in Banilad, Caloocan on January 6, 1812, Melchora Aquino is better known as “Tandang Sora” because she was already old when the Philippine Revolution broke out in 1896. She had a very little education, but had all the good qualities of a literate person. Very little is known about her parents, some say that they were poor hardworking parents.
Tandang Sora was tending a small sari-sari (variety) store in Balintawak when Andres Bonifacio and the other katipuneros staged the First Cry of Balintawak that started the Philippine Revolution. Her store became a refuge for the sick and wounded katipuneros whom the old lady fed, treated, and encourage with her motherly advice and prayers. Thus, she was aptly called the “Mother of the Katipunan”. When the Spaniards learned about her activities, she was arrested, and subsequently, sentenced to be exiled to the Marianas Islands.
When the Americans took possession of the Philippines in 1898, Tandang Sora, like other exiles returned to the Philippines, poor and aging. For a time, she lived with her daughter Saturnina.
She died on March 2, 1919 at the age of 107.
Ang isa sa mga pinakadakilang bayani sa kasaysayan ng Pilipinas ay ipinanganak sa Banilad, Caloocan noong Enero 6, 1812. Siya si Melchora Aquino na kilala rin bilang si “Tandang Sora” dahil sa matanda na siya noong sumiklab ang Rebolusyon ng Pilipinas noong 1896. hindi siya masyadong nakapag-aral ngunit nasa kanya ang katangian ng isang edukado. Hindi masyadong kilala ang kanyang mga magulang, sabi ng iba na sila daw ay masipag ngunit mahirap lamang ang buhay.
Si Tandang Sora ay may binabantayan na maliit na tindahan sa Balintawak noong idineklara ni Andres Bonifacio at iba pang Katipunero ang Unang Sigaw ng Balintawak na kung saan nagsimula ang Rebolusyon ng Pilipinas. Sa kanyang maliit na tindahan ginagamot at pinapakain ang mga nasugatang katipuneros at nagbigay ng lakas ng loob at mga payo bilang isang itinuring na ina. Dahil ditto tinagurian siyang “Ina ng Katipunan”. Noong nalaman ng mga Kastila ang mga ginagawa ni Tandang Sora siya ay inaresto at ipinatapon sa Isla ng Marianas.
Nang pumalit ang mga Amerikano sa pananakop ng Pilipinas noong 1898, si Tandang Sora, gaya ng ibang ipinatapon ay bumalik sa Pilipinas, mahina at may edad na. Pansamantala siyang tumira sa kanyang anak na si Saturnina.
Si Tandang Sora ay namatay noong Marso 2, 1919 sa edad na 107
Marcelo H. del Pilar
August 30, 1850 to July 4, 1896
Marcelo H. del Pilar was born in Cupang, San Nicolas, Bulacan on August 30, 1850. He was the youngest child of a wealthy family. His parents were Julian H. del Pilar, a “gobernadorcillo” and Blasa Gatmaitan.
As a boy, he studied first in the college owned by Mrs. Herminigilda Flores, then at the San Jose College, from where he transferred to the University of Sto. Tomas. He finished law in 1880. He grew up to be one of the greatest propagandists who sought Philippine freedom through his pen.
In 1882, he became editor of thr newspaper “Diaryong Tagalog” which strongly criticized the way the Spaniards ran the government and treated the Filipino people. Using his pen name, PLARIDEL, he wrote satires against the Spanish friars, notably “Dasalan at Tuksuhan” and “kaiingat kayo”. Copies were smuggled into the Philippines in Tagalog and were read by the revolutionists.
In Spain, he took the place of Graciano Lopez Jaena of the La Solidaridad, the mouthpiece of the propagandist working for reforms for the Filipinos. But illness kept him from holding the position for a long time. Soon tuberculosis weakened him. He died on July 4, 1896 in Barcelona, Spain, away from his family.
Si Marcelo H. del Pilar ay isinilang sa Kupang, San Nicolas, Bulacan noong Agosto 30, 1850. Siya ang pinakabata sa mayamang pamilya. Ang mga magulang nya ay sina Julian H. del Pilar na isang “gobernadorcillo” at Blasa Gatmaitan.
Siya ay nag-aral ng kolehiyo sa paaralan na pag-aari ni Mrs. Herminigilda Flores, pagkaraa’y sa San Jose College at lumipat sa Unibersidad ng Sto. Tomas. Nagtapos siya ng abogasya noong 1880. Lumaki siyang isa sa mga dakilang propagandista kung saan inilaban niya ang kalayaan ng Pilipinas sa pamamagitan ng kanyang pluma o pagsusulat.
Noong 1882, si del Pilar ay nagging editor ng pahayagang “Diaryong Tagalog” kung saan kinontrata niya ang pagpapalakad ng mga kastila sa ating gobyerno at ang di magandang pagtatrato sa mga mamamayang Pilipino. Gamit ang pangalang PLARIDEL, ang kanyang alyas sa panunulat, binatikos niya ang mga paring Espanyol sa pamamagitan ng kanyang artikulong “Dasalan at Tuksuhan” at “ Kaiingat Kayo”. Ito ay palihim na dinadala sa Pilipinas sa salitang tagalong at binabasa ng mga rebolusyunista.
Sa España, pinalitan niya si Graciano Lopez Jaena bilang editor ng diaryong La Solidaridad, ang pinakabibig ng mga propagandistang nagtatrabaho para sa reporma ng mga Pilipino. Naputol ang matagal niyang paglilingkod noong siya ay nagkaroon ng mbigat sa karamdaman. Siya ay dinapuan ng tuberculosis at namatay noong Hulyo 4, 1896 sa Barcelona, España na malayo sa kanyang pamilya.
Gregorio del Pilar
Gregorio del Pilar was one of the youngest generals to serve the Philippine Revolution.
Del Pilar was born on November 14, 1875 in San Jose, Bulacan. He was the youngest of the five children of Fernando H. del Pilar and Felipa Sempio. His father was the brother of Marcelo H. del Pilar, one of the prime movers of the Propaganda Movement.
He had his early education from a Maestro Monico. He later went to the school of Pedro Serrano Laktaw, writer and Tagalog lexicographer. After completing the elementary course, del Pilar peddled rice cakes and serves as a house boy for his aunt Hilaria del Pilar (who married Deodato Arellano, one of the founders of Katipunan) so he could continue his studies at the Ateneo. He finished his Bachelor of Arts in 1896.
When his uncle Marcelo fled to Spain to escape arrest for his subversive activities, the young del Pilar helped Deodato in distributing propaganda materials.
Del Pilar was 21 years old when he joined the Katipunan, soon after Philippine Revolution broke out in 1896. On January 1, 1897, he fought in the Battle of Kakarong de sili, where he displayed great courage. On the same year, he was one of the signer of the Pact of Biak-na-Bato. He joined General Emilio Aguinaldo in exile to Hong Kong.
During the Filipino-American war, Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed del Pilar as Dictator of Bulacan and Nueva Ecija. In 1899, del Pilar now a general and the right-hand man of Gen. Aguinaldo, was made Military Governor of Pangasinan. Towards the end of the year, del Pilar and sixty soldiers were sent to secure Tirad Pass from the American soldiers so that Aguinaldo and his men could retreat safely to the north.
On the morning of December 2, 1899, the American captured Tirad Pass after killing General Gregorio del Pilar.
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